Boiling point elevation
Adding a nonvolatile solute to a solvent raises its boiling point. This is a colligative property — it depends only on the number of solute particles, not their identity.
ΔTb = i · Kb · m
- i = van't Hoff factor (1 for molecular solutes, 2 for NaCl, 3 for CaCl₂)
- Kb = ebullioscopic constant of the solvent (°C·kg/mol)
- m = molality of solution (mol/kg)